Scene text editing (STE) aims to replace text with the desired one while preserving background and styles of the original text. However, due to the complicated background textures and various text styles, existing methods fall short in generating clear and legible edited text images. In this study, we attribute the poor editing performance to two problems: 1) Implicit decoupling structure. Previous methods of editing the whole image have to learn different translation rules of background and text regions simultaneously. 2) Domain gap. Due to the lack of edited real scene text images, the network can only be well trained on synthetic pairs and performs poorly on real-world images. To handle the above problems, we propose a novel network by MOdifying Scene Text image at strokE Level (MOSTEL). Firstly, we generate stroke guidance maps to explicitly indicate regions to be edited. Different from the implicit one by directly modifying all the pixels at image level, such explicit instructions filter out the distractions from background and guide the network to focus on editing rules of text regions. Secondly, we propose a Semi-supervised Hybrid Learning to train the network with both labeled synthetic images and unpaired real scene text images. Thus, the STE model is adapted to real-world datasets distributions. Moreover, two new datasets (Tamper-Syn2k and Tamper-Scene) are proposed to fill the blank of public evaluation datasets. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our MOSTEL outperforms previous methods both qualitatively and quantitatively. Datasets and code will be available at https://github.com/qqqyd/MOSTEL.

自我监督的神经语言模型最近在有机分子和蛋白质序列的生成设计中发现了广泛的应用，以及用于下游结构分类和功能预测的表示学习。但是，大多数现有的分子设计深度学习模型通常都需要一个大数据集并具有黑盒架构，这使得很难解释其设计逻辑。在这里，我们提出了生成分子变压器（GMTRANSFORMER），这是一种用于分子生成设计的概率神经网络模型。我们的模型建立在最初用于文本处理的空白填充语言模型上，该模型在学习具有高质量生成，可解释性和数据效率的“分子语法”方面具有独特的优势。与其他基线相比，我们的模型在摩西数据集上的基准测试后获得了高新颖性和SCAF。概率生成步骤具有修补分子设计的潜力，因为它们有能力推荐如何通过学习的隐式分子化学指导，并通过解释来修饰现有分子。可以在https://github.com/usccolumbia/gmtransformer上自由访问源代码和数据集

随着网络技术的快速发展和网络设备的快速增长，数据吞吐量也大大增加。为了解决蜂窝网络中回程瓶颈的问题并满足人们对延迟的要求，基于预测的结果，网络体系结构等网络体系结构旨在主动将有限的流行内容保持在网络边缘。同时，内容（例如，深度神经网络模型，与Wikipedia类似知识库）和用户之间的相互作用可以视为动态二分图。在本文中，为了最大程度地提高缓存命中率，我们利用有效的动态图神经网络（DGNN）共同学习嵌入了两部分图中的结构和时间模式。此外，为了更深入地了解不断发展的图表中的动态，我们提出了一个基于信息时代（AOI）的注意机制，以提取有价值的历史信息，同时避免消息陈旧的问题。结合了上述预测模型，我们还开发了一种缓存选择算法，以根据预测结果做出缓存决策。广泛的结果表明，与两个现实世界数据集中的其他最先进的方案相比，我们的模型可以获得更高的预测准确性。命中率的结果进一步验证了基于我们提出的模型而不是其他传统方式的缓存政策的优势。

It is known that the decomposition in low-rank and sparse matrices (\textbf{L+S} for short) can be achieved by several Robust PCA techniques. Besides the low rankness, the local smoothness (\textbf{LSS}) is a vitally essential prior for many real-world matrix data such as hyperspectral images and surveillance videos, which makes such matrices have low-rankness and local smoothness properties at the same time. This poses an interesting question: Can we make a matrix decomposition in terms of \textbf{L\&LSS +S } form exactly? To address this issue, we propose in this paper a new RPCA model based on three-dimensional correlated total variation regularization (3DCTV-RPCA for short) by fully exploiting and encoding the prior expression underlying such joint low-rank and local smoothness matrices. Specifically, using a modification of Golfing scheme, we prove that under some mild assumptions, the proposed 3DCTV-RPCA model can decompose both components exactly, which should be the first theoretical guarantee among all such related methods combining low rankness and local smoothness. In addition, by utilizing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), we propose an efficient ADMM algorithm with a solid convergence guarantee for solving the resulting optimization problem. Finally, a series of experiments on both simulations and real applications are carried out to demonstrate the general validity of the proposed 3DCTV-RPCA model.

在过去的几年里，深度神经网络（DNN）取得了巨大的成功，并且在许多应用领域中不断应用。然而，在工业任务的实际部署期间，由于超容易的原因，发现DNN被发现是错误的，缺乏在实际使用过程中对现实世界腐败的鲁棒性。为了解决这些挑战，通过通过在神经级别的再试，微调或直接重量固定来通过更新权重（即，网络参数）来修复实际操作环境下的近期尝试。在这项工作中，作为第一次尝试，我们通过共同优化架构和重量，以更高（即，块）级别来修复DNN。我们首先履行实证研究，以调查整个网络级和层次修复的限制，这激励我们探索块水平的DNN修复的新修复方向。为此，我们首先提出对弱势群体定位的对抗侵犯块定位的频谱分析，其在前向和后向过程中考虑块中的神经元“状态和权重”梯度，这使得即使在几个示例下也能够修复更准确的候选块定位。然后，我们进一步提出了面向架构的基于搜索的修复，该修复将目标块放宽到更高的深度特征级别的连续修复搜索空间。通过联合优化该空间中的架构和权重，我们可以识别更好的块架构。我们实施我们提出的修复技术作为一个名为ArchRepair的工具，并进行广泛的实验以验证提出的方法。结果表明，我们的方法不仅可以修复，还可以提高准确性和稳健性，优于最先进的DNN修复技术。

人工智能（AI）为简化Covid-19诊断提供了有前景的替代。然而，涉及周围的安全和可信度的担忧阻碍了大规模代表性的医学数据，对临床实践中训练广泛的模型造成了相当大的挑战。为了解决这个问题，我们启动了统一的CT-Covid AI诊断计划（UCADI），其中AI模型可以在没有数据共享的联合学习框架（FL）下在每个主机机构下分发和独立地在没有数据共享的情况下在每个主机机构上执行。在这里，我们认为我们的FL模型通过大的产量（中国测试敏感性/特异性：0.973 / 0.951，英国：0.730 / 0.942），与专业放射科医师的面板实现可比性表现。我们进一步评估了持有的模型（从另外两家医院收集，留出FL）和异构（用造影材料获取）数据，提供了模型所做的决策的视觉解释，并分析了模型之间的权衡联邦培训过程中的性能和沟通成本。我们的研究基于来自位于中国和英国的23家医院的3,336名患者的9,573次胸部计算断层扫描扫描（CTS）。统称，我们的工作提出了利用联邦学习的潜在保留了数字健康的前景。

Salient object detection (SOD) aims to determine the most visually attractive objects in an image. With the development of virtual reality technology, 360{\deg} omnidirectional image has been widely used, but the SOD task in 360{\deg} omnidirectional image is seldom studied due to its severe distortions and complex scenes. In this paper, we propose a Multi-Projection Fusion and Refinement Network (MPFR-Net) to detect the salient objects in 360{\deg} omnidirectional image. Different from the existing methods, the equirectangular projection image and four corresponding cube-unfolding images are embedded into the network simultaneously as inputs, where the cube-unfolding images not only provide supplementary information for equirectangular projection image, but also ensure the object integrity of the cube-map projection. In order to make full use of these two projection modes, a Dynamic Weighting Fusion (DWF) module is designed to adaptively integrate the features of different projections in a complementary and dynamic manner from the perspective of inter and intra features. Furthermore, in order to fully explore the way of interaction between encoder and decoder features, a Filtration and Refinement (FR) module is designed to suppress the redundant information between the feature itself and the feature. Experimental results on two omnidirectional datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Oxidation states are the charges of atoms after their ionic approximation of their bonds, which have been widely used in charge-neutrality verification, crystal structure determination, and reaction estimation. Currently only heuristic rules exist for guessing the oxidation states of a given compound with many exceptions. Recent work has developed machine learning models based on heuristic structural features for predicting the oxidation states of metal ions. However, composition based oxidation state prediction still remains elusive so far, which is more important in new material discovery for which the structures are not even available. This work proposes a novel deep learning based BERT transformer language model BERTOS for predicting the oxidation states of all elements of inorganic compounds given only their chemical composition. Our model achieves 96.82\% accuracy for all-element oxidation states prediction benchmarked on the cleaned ICSD dataset and achieves 97.61\% accuracy for oxide materials. We also demonstrate how it can be used to conduct large-scale screening of hypothetical material compositions for materials discovery.

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) has increasing importance in building robust high-performance and generalizable materials property prediction models. It can also be used in active learning to train better models by focusing on getting new training data from uncertain regions. There are several categories of UQ methods each considering different types of uncertainty sources. Here we conduct a comprehensive evaluation on the UQ methods for graph neural network based materials property prediction and evaluate how they truly reflect the uncertainty that we want in error bound estimation or active learning. Our experimental results over four crystal materials datasets (including formation energy, adsorption energy, total energy, and band gap properties) show that the popular ensemble methods for uncertainty estimation is NOT the best choice for UQ in materials property prediction. For the convenience of the community, all the source code and data sets can be accessed freely at \url{https://github.com/usccolumbia/materialsUQ}.

网络体系结构搜索（NAS），尤其是可区分的体系结构搜索（DARTS）方法，已经显示出在特定感兴趣的特定数据集中学习出色的模型体系结构的强大力量。与使用固定的数据集相反，在这项工作中，我们关注NAS的不同但重要的方案：如何完善部署的网络模型体系结构，以增强其鲁棒性，并通过一些收集和错误分类的示例的指导来增强其鲁棒性，这些示例被某些降低了现实世界中的未知损坏具有特定的模式（例如噪声，模糊等）。为此，我们首先进行了一项实证研究，以验证模型体系结构绝对与腐败模式有关。令人惊讶的是，通过仅添加一些损坏和错误分类的示例（例如，$ 10^3 $示例）到清洁培训数据集（例如$ 5.0 \ times 10^4 $示例）中，我们可以完善模型体系结构并显着增强鲁棒性。为了使其更加实用，应仔细研究关键问题，即如何为有效的NAS指导选择适当的失败示例。然后，我们提出了一个新颖的核心失效指导飞镖，该飞镖嵌入了K-Center-Greedy算法的飞镖，以选择合适的损坏故障示例以完善模型体系结构。我们使用我们的方法在清洁和15个腐败上使用飞镖精制的DNN，并在四个特定的现实世界腐败的指导下进行了指导。与最先进的NAS以及基于数据启发的增强方法相比，我们的最终方法可以在损坏的数据集和原始清洁数据集上获得更高的精度。在某些腐败模式上，我们可以达到超过45％的绝对准确性提高。